Irregular curvature of the cornea is the most important cause of astigmatism. The irregularity varies from people to people and can result in regular astigmatism or irregular astigmatism. In regular astigmatism, the irregularity will be minimal and can be corrected easily. In irregular astigmatism, the shape of the cornea will be highly irregular and will be hard to treat. Irregular astigmatism can be caused by diseases and accidents.
Irregular lens and improper positioning of it can also result in astigmatism. Since, irregular lens and cornea cause errors in refraction, the condition is diagnosed as a type of refractive error.
Nearsightedness and farsightedness can also cause astigmatism as both these conditions are a result of irregular cornea. Majority of the people with shortsightedness have astigmatism.
Certain type of eye surgery can also cause astigmatism.
Astigmatism is seen at the time of birth. So, it is hereditary.
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